Rwanda, DRC and US review progress on eliminating FDLR

Representatives from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, joined by delegates from the United States, Qatar, Togo, and the African Union Commission, convened in Geneva on July 15–16, 2026 for the fifth session of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism (JSCM).

The meeting assessed progress in implementing the Washington Agreement, which requires the DRC to dismantle the FDLR rebel group.

The discussions highlighted a shared commitment by Rwanda and DRC to accelerate efforts against the FDLR while easing Rwanda’s defensive measures along the border. Delegates agreed to establish monitoring mechanisms to ensure accountability and transparency in the agreement’s implementation.

A recent UN expert report described FDLR as a terrorist organization destabilizing eastern DRC and Rwanda. The report estimated between 3,500 and 4,500 fighters, though FDLR itself claims over 10,000, with its CRAP wing claiming 20,000. The group is divided into three factions FDLR‑FOCA (“Bataillon Jungle”), FDLR‑RUD (“FDP‑R”), and FDLR‑FPP (“FPP”) each rebranded to obscure their links but continuing similar operations.

Despite FARDC’s announcement in March 2026 to eradicate FDLR, analysts noted the difficulty of doing so without addressing infiltration within state forces. Many fighters were later absorbed into Wazalendo militias, complicating disarmament.

Participants also received updates from MONUSCO on disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs. These initiatives aim to repatriate FDLR fighters, reintegrate former combatants into civilian life, and strengthen collaboration between Rwanda and DRC.

The Geneva meeting underscored the Washington Agreement’s potential as a turning point for peace in the Great Lakes region. By tackling FDLR and reinforcing cooperation, Rwanda and DRC hope to reduce insecurity and improve the lives of communities long affected by conflict.